a-
, (and before vowels an-), negative prefix.This a-, e. g. in appamāṇa (cf. pamāṇa), is by comm.
explained as 'great', Ps ad MN II 13,19 (appamāṇān[ī/i]ti
vaḍḍhita-pamāṇāni; mahantān[ī/i]ti attho); Sp-ṭ ad Sp
22,8 (mahanto saṁvaro a-sarirvaro, vuḍḍhi-attho
hi ayam a-kāro cf. Sv 119,29); As 44,27 (vuddhipattā
sekkhā = a-sekkhā); Sadd (do.). — 1. In adj.
comp. with subst. = 'without that', e. g. a-kaṇa,
a-kāma, a-kopa, etc. q. v. — 2. comp. with subst.
to denote the opposite or the thing in question
destroyed: mahāpaṭhaviṁ a-paṭhaviṁ karissāmi,
MN II 27,11; do. a-gāma, a-nigama, a-janapada,
MN II 97,27 ≠ AN I 159,33; a-nagara, AN I 160,1,
Ps (MN I 139); a-raṭṭha, Ja IV 389,26; V 135,1;
a-brāhmaṇa, Ja IV 388,5 (cf. kulā a-kulataṁ gatā,
Ja V 117,6*); assa maraṇaṁ a-maraṇaṁ bhavissati,
Ja VI 81,8. — 3. The opposite is sometimes expressly
denoted by another prefix: a-vivitta: pa-vivitta,
Dhp-a II 77,2-5; a-kubbato: sa-kubbato, Dhp 51-52;
a-kataññurūpa: su-kataññurūpa, Ja IV 98,28-99,2. —
4. In comp. the negated member comes last: katâkata,
Dhp 50; uddiṭṭhânuddiṭṭha, AN III 274,4, guttâgutta,
ib. 32. In a-takkagāha-takkagāha, Ja I 105,19', the
order is determined by the words commented upon
(cf. a-kappiya-kata). As to phalâphala, maggâmagga
(q. v..) cf. Tr. Pāli Misc. 74. — 5. Negation apparently
to the verb of a clause, but added to a subst. or adv.:
evaṁ no idhâpi a-vāso bhavissati, Ps ch. 56; an-
ācariyakule vasaṁ (= ācariyakule a-vasamāno) Ja
I 436,19*. — 6. Often added to infinite forms of the
verbs, part, inf., abs., grdv.: a-jānaṁ, a-passaṁ, MN I
288,6-7; a-passato, Ja VI 552,8* (cf. 1a); a-katena me
ettha kataṁ, a-vusitena me ettha vusitaṁ, MN I
515,22-23, suriye an-atthamite, Dhp-a I 86,9; a-kara-
ṇīya, a-kattabba, etc. (q. v.); a-gantuṁ, As. 156,17
(Ed. wrongly āgantuṁ), a-dātuṁ, Ja V 3,21, a-ppab-
bajituṁ (na sakkā), Dhp-a I 136,3, a-socituṁ (na
sakkā), Ja III 214,7* = 390,5*, an-āharituṁ, Dhp-a I
403,9; a-katvā, a-disvā, etc.; an-ūpaneyya, Sn 799,
an-abhineyya, Vin III 149,16. — 7. Also to personal
forms of the verbs a- is not rarely added (although
sometimes with na as v. l.): an-ajjhagaṁ, Th 405,
an-abhirami, Ja III 30,20, an-āgami, Mhv V 249 (v.
l., Ed. nâgami), a-kattha, Ja IV 401,15, a-gaṇhi,
Ja V 135,3 (v. l. na gaṇhi), a-pabbaji, Ja VI 129,13
(but here Tr.-proposes to read upacchinditvā na pab-
baji?), mā adaṁsu, SN II 200,17, a-parihāviṁsu, AN
III 310,19 (Ed. na), a-labhiṁsu, Ja V 229,22 (B. na),
a-labhissaṁ, Ja VI 35,10, 43,1i; a-sakkhi, . Ja VI
202,21*; a-heṭhayuṁ (B. na . . . aheṭhayuṁ) Ja "VI
591,17*; an-ajjhācarati AN IV 270,11 (v. l.); a-jānāmi,
Ja II 243,25 (B. āma jānāmi); a-ppabodhati (q. v.),
Dhp. 143 (?); an-uppajjati, Dhp-a III 376,15; a-sakkosi,
Ja I 116,24 (v. l.); a-sakkoti, Ja IV 122,5' (B. na), Dhp-a
I 51,1, IV 17,4; [cirass' apassāmi, Ja IV 446,29* ought
to be spelt cirassa(ṁ) passāmi]. — 8. The negative
prefix is doubled (with a positive result) in ana- or
combined with another negative prefix, e. g. an-a-kāma
(not unwilling), a-nipphala (not without fruit). —9. ana-
in ana-bhāva is negative of bhāva, a phenomenon
better known from Prakrit (cf. Pischel § 77); likewise
prob. ana-vajja, whereas anaññāta anappameyya (?),
anamatagga, anavaya, anavosita (q. v.( should be
explained otherwise. [Cf. Tr. Pāli Misc. p. 64.]
